氯膦酸二钠脂质体ClodronateLiposomes清除巨噬细胞英文介绍
why use clodronate liposomes?macrophages play an important role in the host defense response and the regulation of many biological processes. their main activity is phagocytosis and the production and release of soluble mediators (such as no, cytokines, and chemokines).
methods to manipulate macrophage activity through liposome-encapsulated molecules
*drugs that interfere with cellular metabolic pathways can be encapsulated in liposomes, to study their effects on macrophages (drug methods).
*drugs that selectively interfere with signaling pathways in macrophages can be encapsulated in liposomes
however, signal transduction pathways and compounds affecting these pathways are still under investigation. therefore, so far, the former method is generally used to inhibit macrophage activity by administering liposome-encapsulated bisphosphonate clodronate.
how do clodronate liposomes induce apoptosis in phagocytes?once clodronate is encapsulated in liposomes, it can specifically target phagocytes. liposomes can be quickly recognized and swallowed by macrophages, allowing an effective clodronate concentration threshold to trigger target cell apoptosis. clodronate encapsulated in liposomes is recognized as a foreign body by phagocytes and is taken into internal vesicles called phagosomes. after phagocytosis, the phagosome fuses with the lysosome containing phospholipase, which destroys the phospholipid bilayer of the liposome, thereby allowing clodronate to be released in the cell. once clodronate is released in the cytoplasm, aminoacyl-trna synthetase will mistakenly identify it as pyrophosphate and will use clodronate to generate the non-hydrolyzable atp analogue (appccl2p). then, this atp analog translocates to the mitochondria, where it irreversibly binds to the atp/adp translocase, causing blockage of the respiratory chain, leading to changes in mitochondrial function and integrity. these altered mitochondria release molecular signals that will initiate cell apoptosis.
unencapsulated clodronate cannot pass through the cell membrane to trigger cell death. since the control liposome does not contain clodronate, the phagocytes will not be killed.
掌握小tips：迅速解决使用双卧轴混凝土搅拌机可能出现的故障
CDLF立式不锈钢多级离心泵的技术参数及用途及型号说明
屠宰废水处理设备的维修注意事项
现代摩比斯模拟现实场景 研发自动驾驶系统
绵阳闸门启闭机厚度标准
氯膦酸二钠脂质体ClodronateLiposomes清除巨噬细胞英文介绍
德国BURKERT电磁阀型号
介绍新产品：动态循环链码
叶轮水流指示器偏心叶轮视镜的技术参数及用途
高低温试验箱需考虑长远需求
新品发布 | 华东院新一代海上升压站，更轻、更高效、更平价
国产六轴力传感器
中国轴承技术提升背后的故事
社区老年人照料中心自助触屏测量健康体检一体机
章丘离心风机厂家
辛料槽型搅拌混合机使用及保养
微波设备都应用在哪些领域
使用种子催芽箱该如何选种？
管道电热熔套型号价格产品介绍
MVR废水蒸发结晶器的使用需要按照一定的流程进行操作
methods to manipulate macrophage activity through liposome-encapsulated molecules
*drugs that interfere with cellular metabolic pathways can be encapsulated in liposomes, to study their effects on macrophages (drug methods).
*drugs that selectively interfere with signaling pathways in macrophages can be encapsulated in liposomes
however, signal transduction pathways and compounds affecting these pathways are still under investigation. therefore, so far, the former method is generally used to inhibit macrophage activity by administering liposome-encapsulated bisphosphonate clodronate.
how do clodronate liposomes induce apoptosis in phagocytes?once clodronate is encapsulated in liposomes, it can specifically target phagocytes. liposomes can be quickly recognized and swallowed by macrophages, allowing an effective clodronate concentration threshold to trigger target cell apoptosis. clodronate encapsulated in liposomes is recognized as a foreign body by phagocytes and is taken into internal vesicles called phagosomes. after phagocytosis, the phagosome fuses with the lysosome containing phospholipase, which destroys the phospholipid bilayer of the liposome, thereby allowing clodronate to be released in the cell. once clodronate is released in the cytoplasm, aminoacyl-trna synthetase will mistakenly identify it as pyrophosphate and will use clodronate to generate the non-hydrolyzable atp analogue (appccl2p). then, this atp analog translocates to the mitochondria, where it irreversibly binds to the atp/adp translocase, causing blockage of the respiratory chain, leading to changes in mitochondrial function and integrity. these altered mitochondria release molecular signals that will initiate cell apoptosis.
unencapsulated clodronate cannot pass through the cell membrane to trigger cell death. since the control liposome does not contain clodronate, the phagocytes will not be killed.
掌握小tips：迅速解决使用双卧轴混凝土搅拌机可能出现的故障
CDLF立式不锈钢多级离心泵的技术参数及用途及型号说明
屠宰废水处理设备的维修注意事项
现代摩比斯模拟现实场景 研发自动驾驶系统
绵阳闸门启闭机厚度标准
氯膦酸二钠脂质体ClodronateLiposomes清除巨噬细胞英文介绍
德国BURKERT电磁阀型号
介绍新产品：动态循环链码
叶轮水流指示器偏心叶轮视镜的技术参数及用途
高低温试验箱需考虑长远需求
新品发布 | 华东院新一代海上升压站，更轻、更高效、更平价
国产六轴力传感器
中国轴承技术提升背后的故事
社区老年人照料中心自助触屏测量健康体检一体机
章丘离心风机厂家
辛料槽型搅拌混合机使用及保养
微波设备都应用在哪些领域
使用种子催芽箱该如何选种？
管道电热熔套型号价格产品介绍
MVR废水蒸发结晶器的使用需要按照一定的流程进行操作